Romania Government

The Romanian government operates under a semi-presidential republic system. There are several political parties which are elected democratically by the people, each of which have separate and distinct powers. The government consists of three branches; legislative, executive, and judicial. Executive power is shared between the president and the legislative government. Presidents can serve for a maximum of two five year terms.

Romanian citizens elect both their president and members of legislature. The nation’s government consists of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. Members who are elected to either of these governing bodies may serve for a period of four years. The country has a multi-party system in which collaboration between the parties is often necessary since most elections result in no one party being able to earn enough of the majority vote to hold sole power. In lieu of a clear majority political parties must band together with elected members from another party (or parties) to form a coalition government.

Romania’s government conducts the business of the country from the massive Palace of the Parliament which is noteworthy for being the second largest administrative structure in the world. In terms of sheer size the impressive building is second only to the Pentagon in the United States. Located in the capital city of Bucharest this huge building not only houses the country’s government but also serves as a major tourist attraction. The official residence of Romania’s head of state is the Cotroceni Palace in Bucharest.

Coalition governments are necessary in Romania, as there are no parties that have enough momentum to win an election alone.

This page was last modified on May 1st, 2018

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Published on 2019-11-06


Capital	Bucharest
Languages	Romanian (official) 85.4%, Hungarian 6.3%, Romani 1.2%, other 1%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
Ethnic Groups	Romanian 83.4%, Hungarian 6.1%, Romani 3.1%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.2%, other 0.7%, unspecified 6.1% (2011 est.)
Religion	Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 81.9%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformed and Pentecostal) 6.4%, Roman Catholic 4.3%, other (includes Muslim) 0.9%, none or atheist 0.2%, unspecified 6.3% (2011 est.)
Government	Semi-presidential republic
Independance	9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized on 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)
Area	238,391.00 km²
Water Area	8,500.00 km²
Land Area	229,891.00 km²
Population	21,599,736.00 Urbanization is not particularly high, and a fairly even population distribution can be found throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; Hungarians, the country's largest minority, have a particularly strong presence in eastern Transylvania
Location	Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
No. Bordering Countries	5
Bordering Countries	Bulgaria 605 km, Hungary 424 km, Moldova 683 km, Serbia 531 km, Ukraine 601 km
GDP(PPP)	$441,000,000,000.00 (USD)
GDP (Per Capita)	$22,300.00 (USD)
Export Partners	Its major export partners are Germany, Italy, and France.
Export Commodities	Its main exports are machinery and equipment, other manufactured goods, and agricultural products.
Import Partners	Its major import partners are Germany, Italy, and Hungary.
Import Commodities	Its major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, and fuels and minerals.
Climate	Ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
Terrain	Central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Moldavian Plateau on the east by the Eastern Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Learn More	Romania

Romania Government

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