Luxembourg Languages

Luxembourgish belongs to the family of West Germanic languages. In fact, in ancient times, many people considered Luxembourgish as a dialect of German. It is also a primary example of Moselle Franconian language. There are several known dialects of Luxembourgish. These include Areler, Stater, Misler among others. The Luxembourgish alphabet consists of 26 Latin letters and additional three diacritics.

There are approximately 400,000 native Luxembourgish speakers who mostly live in Luxembourg. A few native speakers are also found in Germany, France, and the United States. Many Luxembourgish speakers are bilingual or trilingual. Approximately 20% of Native Luxembourgish speakers are fluent in French. French enjoys the dominance as the second language. German is less dominant than French, approximately 5% can comfortably sustain a conversation in German.

Luxembourgish has borrowed a lot of vocabulary from French vocabulary. However, the loanwords are more from French than German. For example, ‘merci’, a French word which means thank you, is used in Luxembourgish to denote the same meaning. To enrich their already existing vocabulary and expression, some phrases are directly translated from German or French to Luxembourgish. The process of loosely translating phrases leads to the formation of new phrases in Luxembourgish.

Apart from Luxembourgish, French and German are common languages in Luxembourg. In fact, they are recognized as official languages. They can, therefore, be used in schools and in other public administration activities. English is the fourth most spoken language in Luxembourg. However, the residents of Luxembourg City are more conversant in English than the residents of the rest of the country.

This page was last modified on May 1st, 2018

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Published on 2019-11-06


Capital	Luxembourg
Languages	Luxembourgish (official administrative and judicial language and national language (spoken vernacular)) 88.8%, French (official administrative, judicial, and legislative language) 4.2%, Portuguese 2.3%, German (official administrative and judicial language) 1.1%, other 3.5% (2011 est.)
Ethnic Groups	Luxembourger 53.3%, Portuguese 16.2%, French 7.2%, Italian 3.5%, Belgian 3.4%, German 2.2%, British 1.1%, other 13.2%
Religion	Roman Catholic 87%, other (includes Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 13% (2000)
Government	Constitutional monarchy
Independance	1839 (from the Netherlands)
Area	2,586.00 km²
Land Area	2,586.00 km²
Population	582,291.00 Most people live in the south, on or near the border with France
Location	Western Europe, between France and Germany
No. Bordering Countries	3
Bordering Countries	Belgium 130 km, France 69 km, Germany 128 km
GDP(PPP)	$58,740,000,000.00 (USD)
GDP (Per Capita)	$102,000.00 (USD)
Export Partners	Its major export partners are Germany, Belgium, and France.
Export Commodities	Its main exports are machinery and equipment, steel products, and chemicals.
Import Partners	Its major import partners are Belgium, Germany, and China.
Import Commodities	Its major imports include commercial aircraft, minerals, chemicals, and metals.
Climate	Modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
Terrain	Mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
Learn More	Luxembourg

Luxembourg Languages

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