Estonia Government

The Republic of Estonia is a parliamentary republic with the prime minister as the head of the government. The Constitution of Estonia considers the president as the head of the state but with no executive powers. However, the president does appoint the prime minister to lead the government. The representative parliamentary system has three arms, which include the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary.

Under the parliamentary Election Act of July 11, 1994, an Estonian citizen aged 18 years on election day is eligible to vote while an Estonian citizen who is 21 years on election day may run as a candidate. However, for a person to be nominated as a candidate for the presidency, they have to be at least 40 years of age and be a citizen of Estonia.

The Stenbock House has been the seat of the government of the Republic of Estonia, and it is where the prime minister and government conduct sessions. Stenbock House is on Toompea hill in the capital city, Tallinn. It has been the official Government Office since 2000. The Stenbock House has changed owners and functions in the past. Nonetheless, the name has never changed. Johann Caspahr Mohr, an architect, designed the building. The Stenbock House was completed in 1792, in a strict classical architecture with a balcony and six doric columns. The official residence of the president is in the suburb of Nomme.

Major political parties in Estonia include the Estonian Reform Party, the Estonia Centre Party, and the Union of Pro patria and Res Republica.

This page was last modified on May 1st, 2018

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Published on 2019-11-06


Capital	Tallinn
Languages	Estonian (official) 68.5%, Russian 29.6%, Ukrainian 0.6%, other 1.2%, unspecified 0.1% (2011 est.)
Ethnic Groups	Estonian 68.7%, Russian 24.8%, Ukrainian 1.7%, Belarusian 1%, Finn 0.6%, other 1.6%, unspecified 1.6% (2011 est.)
Religion	Lutheran 9.9%, Orthodox 16.2%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 2.2%, other 0.9%, none 54.1%, unspecified 16.7% (2011 est.)
Government	Parliamentary republic
Independance	20 August 1991 (declared); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union)
Area	45,228.00 km²
Water Area	2,840.00 km²
Land Area	42,388.00 km²
Population	1,258,545.00 A fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Location	Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
No. Bordering Countries	2
Bordering Countries	Latvia 333 km, Russia 324 km
GDP(PPP)	$38,930,000,000.00 (USD)
GDP (Per Capita)	$29,500.00 (USD)
Export Partners	Its major export partners are Sweden, Finland, Latvia, and Russia.
Export Commodities	Its main exports are machinery and electrical equipment, as well as food products and beverages.
Import Partners	Its major import partners are Finland, Germany, and Lithuania.
Import Commodities	Its major imports include machinery and electrical equipment, mineral fuels, food, and food products.
Climate	Maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers
Terrain	Marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south
Learn More	Estonia

Estonia Government

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